Untold and incredible Histories of Utah

(SEEKING HELP) With NON Profit and Field Research

If you are interested in History, Utah history, especially Ancient UNTOLD Utah History, this might be for you. Utah has a history that is untold, most of which many would not believe, IF I were to blurt it out, many of you would be my worst critics… 

* We are looking for people to help/volunteer from time to time. Good common sense, a skeptic nature, and the ability to think outside the box are essential.

* We have a non profit nearly set up, but lack the ability to manage and run one, we are looking for help/volunteer in this and to possibly fill positions which may evolve into paid positions. 

This non profit was created for the purpose of Education, Documentation and Preservation of the Native American Petroglyphs, Pictographs and ancient archaeological sites including those of unknown cultures who have visited this land in the past.

To give you a better idea of possible projects we are continuously working on to some degree, we invite you to visit and browse the many articles of 5 years found on the web site www.tuscoro.com, or you may acquire the expanded versions of articles by buying the 3 volume set of books with articles directly from Amazon.

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Serious inquiries only please… please respond by emailing Daniel at tuscoro@gmail.com OR If you have my number do not hesitate to call...

Utah's Earliest Documented Spanish Explorer, Antonio de Espejo

A Small piece of the map

Antonio (Hurtado de Mendoza?) de Espejo was born in  Cordoba, Espana in the year of 1540. It is believed but not verified that at the age of 31, Antonio, his wife, two sons and his brother migrated to the Americas. Antonio was a wealthy man, (whether obtained prior to coming to the Americas or after is currently unknown), he and his brother became ranchers living at the northern frontier of Mexico of the day. Circumstances unknown, he and his brother were accused of murder in 1581, his brother was arrested and Antonio fled to the Northern most outpost of Mexico at Santa Barbara Chihuahua, he is known for financing an expedition for the in part purpose of rediscovery of the Cities of Cibola reported 40 years earlier by Friar Marcos de Niza. It is said that after his famous expedition of 1582-83, Antonio was traveling back to Spain and while in Cuba he had died in 1585. (The Forgoing is according to the academics, yet no source is given) Now I am going to tell you the likely truth of it, based on new evidence and evidences intertwined with some common sense and what may be considered conjecture, but not really any different than the method in which the academic sources have used.

Antonio de Espejo born in Spain presumably to a wealthy family, having come from a wealthy family it is without doubt he and his brother with families came to the Americas without issue but clearly was a matter of choice for some purpose other than becoming cattle ranchers in the unknown wild or soldiers of fortune in such a hostile place. It is my estimation that something else swayed the two brother to come to the Americas and this is likely due to information passed down through his family regarding some place in the Americas and visited long ago by the ancestors of Antonio. In short he was coming to the Americas to claim his patrimony left to his family and likely documentation of this kept in the family’s possession since the days of the Explorations of the people of Septimania, Castilian's, Welsh Kings or the Holy Roman Empire from 775 AD to about 1050 AD.

In 1581 some event involving a ranch hand occurred in which Antonio and his brother were accused of murder, there is no record as of yet as to what this was all about, but it is said his brother was arrested and Antonio fled North the outer most outpost of New Spain at the time being Santa Barbara in Chihuahua. If this accusation were true, why would Antonio rather than lie low somewhere, begin writing letters to the King of Spain in an attempt to establish a colony or Land Grant in the Northerly most parts of the most hostile regions of New Mexico. New Mexico at the time included parts of Texas Arizona, and Utah. Why would this wealthy man for some unknown reason put his wealth on the line by voluntarily financing the expedition into the virtually unknown having only been visited 40 years prior by Coronado and Friar Marcos de Niza. It is said that the expedition was for the purpose of discovering what had happened to some friars who were left in New Mexico. From the translators record it is said:

WHILE the viceroy was discussing an expedition to New Mexico, more effective measures were being taken by the Franciscan order and a private citizen. On learning through the returning soldiers that the friars who went with Chamuscado had been left alone in New Mexico, the Franciscans feared for the safety of their brethren and at once considered the organization of a rescue party. To lead it, Fray Bernaldino Beltran, of the monastery of Durango, volunteered. Hearing of the project, Antonio de Espejo, a wealthy citizen of Mexico, who was in Nueva Vizcaya at the time, offered to equip and lead some soldiers as an escort, and to pay the expenses of Father Beltran.

Through the efforts of the friar a license was secured from Captain Juan Ontiveras, alcalde mayor of Cuatro Cienegas, a settlement seventy leagues east of Santa Barbara, then in Nueva Vizcaya, but now in Coahuila.

Now understanding that by embarking upon an expedition of any kind without license could get you arrested or killed simply because it was considered as trespass on property claimed for the crown, it is clear to me that Espejo took advantage of this opportunity bypassing the process of obtaining a license himself, especially with an open accusation of him as a murderer. Espejo was on a quest, what was it he was looking for? Clearly throughout the narrative of Espejo his attention is not on the presumed “missing” friars, as you read through his narrative it is clear he is looking for previous occupation of Castilian. At every opportunity he was setting off further and further from the objective. I have noticed this constant making notation of Castilian Grapes, Castilian Onions, Walnuts Etc.. and such not only in Espejo’s expedition narrative but by others as well, I think these people knew good and well their ancestors had been there before.

Espejo even after reaching the “avowed purpose of the expedition” learning of the demise of the friars, pushed even further, at this point the majority were ready to return to Nueva Vizcaya. From the transcribers of the report of the Viceroy to the King we find…

After reaching  “the borders of the province of the Tiguas, and learned that Fathers Lopez and Rodriguez had been killed at Puaray.

The avowed purpose of the expedition had now been accomplished, but Espejo, seconded by Father Beltran, decided to explore the country before returning. Going two days east with two companions, to the province of the Maguas, adjacent to the buffalo country, Espejo learned that there Father Santa Maria had been killed before Chamuscado left New Mexico.

Returning to the Tiguas, the whole party went six leagues to the Quires, and then visited Sia, fourteen leagues to the northwest, and the Emeges (Jemez), six leagues further north-west. Turning southwest, they now went to Acoma, and thence to Zuni. At this point Father Beltran and about half of the party decided to return to Nueva Vizcaya. But Espejo and nine companions set out northward in search of a lake of gold said to be in that direction. He did not find the lake, but he visited the province of Mohoce (Moqui), and was given there a present of four thousand cotton blankets (mantas). Sending these back to Zuni by five men, with the remaining four Espejo went west in search of mines of which he had heard. After travelling forty-five leagues he found them in western Arizona, and secured rich ores. Returning to Zuni by a shorter and better route, he found Father Beltran and his companions still there.

His party being increased by another of Espejo's men, Fray Beltran now returned to San Bartolome; but Espejo, bent on further explorations, turned east again and ascended the Rio Grande to the Quires. Going east from there Six leagues, he visited the Ubates, and found mineral prospects near by. One day from the Ubates he visited the Tanos pueblos, who would neither admit him nor give him food. In view of this hostility and of the smallness of his party, Espejo now set out for home, but by a different route”

It is said that Espejo did not find the lake, and I would agree, as it had been gone for at least 200 years or better, however I am certain that Espejo having been one of the first Europeans to return to this area since the days of his ancestors, could see plainly the evidence of the lake he sought after, evidence that was much more obvious 480 years ago and is still visible today though more so obscured, yet evidence of which today is drowned in an extremely flawed dating system so that you would not consider...

This is NOT Utah lake, nor is it the Great Salt Lake,

It is Lake Copala as known by the Spanish or Lake Uinta as it is called by the Academics. How did this 33 million year old lake end up on so many old Spanish Maps?

SEE: Finding the Legendary Lake Copala

I personally don’t think Espejo went west for 45 leagues as he said he did, had he done so there is no doubt he would have mentioned the Grand Canyon which he no doubt would have encountered. I am certain he did however head North in search of the Lake of Gold, [Copala] and those 45 leagues along with other time spent, was also looking North. I think Espejo and the 4 men knew exactly what they were looking for, I would wager Espejo had with him documents handed down from his ancestors and he wasn’t going back until he knew he had found the place verifying the documents. The events that occur after they finally returned, shows he found something while gallivanting around which set him up for his next expedition of which would seem there is no record, except one…

Apparently Espejo continues "seeking establishing a colony" in the North by Land Grant, which I am sure was a facade, it is uncertain as to the whether the King responded to his letters but it would be my guess according to later documentation that he either got that permission in 1584 or he just went anyway, but apparently this slipped past the historians and reasonably so, but based on what information would they say he was heading back to Spain and died in Cuba in 1585? I have not found it...

Antonio de Espejo was off again, and this time it would be 4 years before his return, or at least that was the plan, but I don’t think that worked out so well because apparently no one told the story, as it would seem it was easier to have him die in Cuba. In this expedition there is no record of who went with him, we only know that he did go… and where he went.

If you were to read Antonio’s narrative, and those of the earliest expeditions known, you will notice that not only do they continuously point out finding Castilian this and Castilian that, but they always make reference to mines they had heard about, never do the documents say they set out to “Establish” or create mines, it is always a reference to what apparently were existing mines, whose mines? Were these mines of the indigenous? Or mines of the predecessors from 500 years prior? Why all the references to apparently former Castilian s?

Now as you may or may not know, many of the projects in which I work on, have what I call an originator, this is the person who brought me the story or the document, because of this, I cannot disclose the nitty gritty details, as the originator is my friend and colleague, and to be honest, I don’t think he agrees with me on this and that’s ok. My reasons for writing about this particular incident is that even if we cannot verify the things indicated on the document, it is still considered the best and earliest evidence we have of Spanish expeditions into the Uinta mountains, and if we can pull all the other implications together from other sources or find one of the sites indicated on the map, we could also prove even earlier occupation of those who preceded the Spanish at one time of 775 AD to 1050 AD and quite possibly a much earlier migration occurring at 100 BC.

According to the originator of this document, it was given to him after getting to know a co-worker who was Apache, possible Apache/Navajo, he told him that this map with others, was taken from the Spaniards that his grandfathers had killed long ago near the four corners area. As it would seem, Espejo’s expedition of 1584 to 1588 ended somewhere on their return trip to Mexico, Unfortunately Antonio de Espejo and his men, never made it back, Antonio without a doubt did not die in Cuba and likely died the same year in which his map was dated. I personally don’t have any question as to the correct analysis of the map bearing Antonio de Espejo’s signature as I trusted it to one of the sharpest of individuals I know with a great knowledge of the Uinta Geography. Upon this map which is a "Land Grant area" which I am certain he intended to acquire, which covers some 144,000 acres in a most interesting place in the Uintas. There are 16 Mines, two of which are specifically marked as “Castilian”, 3 other things marked on the map are presumed armor cache sites, and 2 presumed vaults. Was this area a patrimony once occupied by his ancestors?

I feel this is one of the most important projects that we have pertaining to early Utah history as it shows a history that has been unknown, ignored and suppressed. I intend to start again at the beginning, going over and recreating all the work that has already been done regarding this map, because simple details are often overlooked, we have found certain landmarks, corroborating stories and maps, that all validate not only the map but its authenticity. The research on this map/and the story behind it is extensive, even those who have been involved have not seen the half of the countless hours that has been put into this project. The project has reached the point of serious consideration and I feel warrants going over the entire project again, from the very beginning.  

I am looking for a few rare types of individuals to assist, who can legitimately dedicate the time to evaluate this project tracing over the steps I have already taken, I promise you, you will be overwhelmed yet fascinated by what actually has taken place already. This is not for the casual researcher or treasure hunter, you need a computer, not cell phone, advanced photo programs and advance experience with Google Earth, USGS Maps etc… It is my desire to bring this project to the point where in trover permits are obtained and in place and plans of exploration, documentation and excavation are in place. If nothing more, this is one of the many projects I am looking for financial support so that it can be done, after all, under the current circumstances, I have nothing better to do, fortunately I love doing it… and by the time you have read this, I will already be up to my eyeballs doing it all again…

If any of you would like a copy of the 1582-83 exploration documents and translated to English in 1880's, email me at tuscoro@gmail.com

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Who Really Discovered America? Part TWO REVISED March 6th 2020

The Imperial Library of Constantinople

The Imperial Library of Constantinople would have been the equivalency to the Greek and Romans, of our Library of Congress with just a touch of the Smithsonian ideals… Borrowed from the great Wiki, we find…

The Imperial Library of Constantinople, in the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, [Where the Parrot was named 1000 years before it was known by Columbus] was the last of the great libraries of the ancient world. Long after the destruction of the Great Library of Alexandria and the other ancient libraries, it preserved the knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans for almost 1,000 years. A series of unintentional fires over the years and wartime damage, including the raids of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, impacted the building itself and its contents. The library continued in substantial form until the city of Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire [Muslims] on 29 May 1453 when the library's considerable surviving contents were destroyed or lost. [Or Relocated Prior to intentionally setting fire to it] The library was founded by Constantius II [second Son of Constantine the Great] (reigned 337–361 AD) who established a Scriptorium so that the surviving works of [Indo-]Greek literature [Informational Spoils and Records of the Conquest of India which began as early as 326 BC by Alexander the Great] could be copied for preservation. The Emperor Valens in 372 employed four Greek and three Latin calligraphers. The majority of Greek classics known today are known through Byzantine copies originating from the Imperial Library of Constantinople.

In ancient Greece the written word and most literature was transcribed onto papyrus. As the papyrus began to deteriorate, there was a movement to transfer the reading material from papyrus to parchment as did Constantine the Great, around the 4th century, but his movement specifically concerned Holy Scripture. [But more believable, the documents and maps pertaining to the new world discovered in the archives of India and records of expeditions of the last 500 years]Constantine's heir to the throne Constantius II continued this movement. It was his work that culminated in the first Imperial Library of Constantinople. The library is estimated to have contained well over 100,000 volumes of ancient text. The movement was headed by one Themistios, who commanded a group of calligraphers and librarians.[that’s Librarians, not Iberians, Librarians actually existed…]

Over the centuries, several fires in the Library of Constantinople destroyed much of the collection. [Or so it is said] The library was burnt in the year 473 and about 120,000 volumes were lost.[what a convenient time for this loss after loosing control in the Americas and being expelled, with every intention of returning some day] However, the attempts of Themistios and Constantius were not fruitless, as some works were saved and recopied and circulated through other texts. Consequently, modern knowledge of Classical Greek literature is greater than would be the case if not for their efforts.

After the fall of Constantinople on 12 April 1204, [Another convenient time for the loss of records, just after being defeated again in the Americas] the library was allegedly destroyed by the Franks and Venetians [Italy] of the Fourth Crusade during the sacking of the city. [This would explain why France was seemingly fallen from the good graces and obviously lacking in their expeditions in the years to come, lacking knowledge of the heart of this new world, yet the Spanish and Portuguese seem to excel, this was an intentional burning after important documents, maps, etc. were removed] Donald Queller notes that while some manuscripts were probably lost in the three fires that ravaged the city during the attack by the crusaders, there is no indication of the continued existence of a formal imperial library at the time and no source mentions lost manuscripts.

While there were many reports of texts surviving into the Ottoman era, no substantive portion of the library has ever been recovered. Professor Carlyle was provided access in 1800 to the Seraglio, the supposed repository of post-Ottoman conquest surviving texts, but no texts from the Imperial Library were located. A notable exception is the Archimedes Palimpsest, which surfaced in 1840, was translated in 1915 and was unaccountably found in a private collection and sold in 1998. [Imagine that, what are the odds?]

If I could I would look in the Archives of Seville and Madrid not to mention and most likely the Vatican, but this is when the ancient old denial tactics of the modern Smithsonian come into play… “What Maps and exploration documents from 100 BC to 1000 AD?”

Why would I suspect the Vatican? Well let’s just say in those times and even today, they seem to be the inspiration for the Smithsonian and their hide, destroy and deny tactics.

Now I may not have all the details and may even be off a bit or even a lot for that matter, and I am certain the delusionist would jump on board to work hard to defuse this concept in the name of diffusion, but it seems to me that at the time of the sacking of the city of Constantinople, a majority of the records were moved away with France along with Italy playing along, the records likely made their way to the Vatican, despite their differences, who was going to wage war on the Vatican? Not even the Muslims would come against their creator of Islam.

The primary records and maps and the real history of the Roman Empire, the Greek, Indo Greek, and knowledge of the lands the many divisions of power coveted in this medieval times, would be safe to a large degree in Italy under the Catholic eye. If you were not in the good graces of the Holy Roman Emperors and those who controlled the information contained within, you would not have access. What makes it so difficult to put this all together is the lack of information other than what has been passed down, it all seems to follow where the leading crown and Catholic rule was at the time or the old adage, follow the money..

Fall of the Western Empire of Rome

The “Fall of the Western Empire of Rome” near 500 AD, does not necessarily mean what you may think? The historians would have you thinking that this was at a time where in control of what is now Spain, France and even Italy was lost, but the West went much further west than any one supposed. The true west in this appellation of Western Empire was across the west sea, the Americas. After the Rule of the Muslims, 775AD of the period of Septimania the West rose again quietly. For the next 200 plus years the Romans are established again in Calalus (Calicuas).

In the late 15^th Century Spain was clearly in better relations with Rome as per the history suggests, this would explain why France seemed to target the upper eastern coast Iceland/Greenland approach to the Americas, using much older documents, whereas the Spanish went nearly straight for the heart of all that was coveted in the new world in Mexico and pushing North. Clearly both parties were operating on different documents or from different time frames.

 In 218 BC the Romans invaded the Iberian Peninsula, which later became the Roman province of Hispania (which later evolved into "España", the Spanish word for Spain). The Romans introduced the Latin language, the ancestor of both modern-day Spanish and the Italian). The Iberian Peninsula remained under Roman rule for over 600 years, until the collapse of the Western-Roman Empire. [Approx. 500 AD]

In the Early modern period, [1494] until the 18th century, southern and insular Italy came under Spanish control, having been previously a domain of the Crown of Aragon.

The Renaissance Period

1494 is an interesting date for sure, but what was it that caused a series of renaissance outbreaks at the time? What was it that brought on the jealousy of France and causing King Charles the VIII of France to suddenly invade the Italian peninsula and occupied the Kingdom of Naples with the poor excuse of “on the grounds of a dynastic claim” a NEAR 250 Year old issue? Maybe I didn't understand this… According to the wise old WIKI, it is said that “An Italic League that ensured peace in the peninsula for 50 years had collapsed in 1492 with the death of Lorenzo De Medici, key figure in the bloc and ruler of Florence.” His son Piero the Unfortunate takes over his father’s position. It’s just my opinion but I think if you look a tad bit closer, you might find a coincidental reason that Charles kicked up his heals…

Lorenzo De Medici I think had more responsibility that what wiki implies, I think it was his responsibility to ensure equalization on current historic events, but his luck ran out when he died in April of 1492. As it would seem, a fantastic event soon took place based upon a sharing of documents and maps, Columbus is reported as to having discovered, or should I say RE-discovered the former Western Roman Empire interests! Columbus returns and informs Spain of the news in early 1493. Was this top secret information? Was it supposed to have been shared among the participants of the Renaissance period? I don’t know but it would seem to me that King Charles VIII was not happy about something, and he sets out for Italy NOT because his great great grandpa and then some, Charles the 1st got his butt kicked some 250 years earlier losing the Isle of Sicily and his control over it as wiki tells is the reason on one page, but tells another conflicting story on another page... but he heads to Florence where Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici lives, the son of the former Lorenzo de' Medici, you know, the new ruler in Florence and keeper of the peace? But why would King Charles go to him? Why Florence? It would seem there is another individual (Tosconelli) living in Florence at the time who was sending Columbus letters telling him certain privy information regarding a shorter route to the Americas! I wonder where Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli the astrologer gleaned his information from.

Wiki says: When Charles arrives in Florence...

Piero attempted to stay neutral, but this was unacceptable to Charles, who intended to invade Tuscany. Piero attempted to mount a resistance, but received little support from members of Florentine elites who had fallen under the influence of the fanatical Dominican priest Girolamo Savonarola; even his cousins defected to Charles's side.

Piero quickly gave up as Charles's army neared Florence and surrendered the chief fortresses of Tuscany to the invading army, giving Charles everything he demanded.

I’m left wondering what it was that King Charles VIII of the French demanded. No matter, Charles apparently got what he wanted and the French soon put together their own Explorations to the new world. It would seem however Piero gave older information based on the route the French took rather than the route sent to Columbus from Toscanelli.

Charles VIII died in 1498 taking with him what he knew, and it would be another 25 plus years before the French was able to get into the game.

What else do the maps show?

As evidence in support of the French being singled out on updated information not only based upon the route they chose 20 some odd years after, but one such incident in history sticks out for me. The French and Italy had their ups and downs for some time, I’m sure this slowed them up a bit too. If one takes a look at all the early maps of the Americas one can see the lack of information regarding certain geographic areas, especially here in the west, it seems the French had “the lack of” information, case in point, the French Moll Map.

What exactly inspire Herman Moll a late 1600’s early 1700’s Cartographer and engraver we may never know, but the one map that catches my attention is his 1715 map wherein he incorporates the Baron Lahontan’s map of Lahontan’s account of the Long River, however there are two editions, in one version he uses Lahontan’s seeming poor rendition of the Lake at the head of this Long River, the other Moll Map uses what appears to be very nice a rendition from unknown origins showing conditions that had not existed for at least 800 years but likely 1700 years! Without going back to read his account, if memory serves me, Lahontan claims the Indians somewhere near the Missouri and Mississippi river junction told him of this large lake at the head of this Long River and about the people who lived around it. This no doubt is the same Lake the Spanish wrote of several times over and depicted on their maps with what I would call great accuracy, but how would I know this if none of them including Lahontan never found this elusive lake?

Moll himself states on the map “A great part of this map is taken from original draughts of Mr. Blackmore, the ingenious Mr. Berisford, Captain Nairn and others never before published” What other maps was he talking about? The image he uses for the lake at the end of this long river which Lahontan never made it to, is a near perfect rendition of the intended lake at its higher elevations. How would I know this? We’ll get to that. But the point here is that it is clear to me that he was using older information that could only have come from maps or information with origins prior to about 900 AD which is likely the last time the lake was seen at this higher level reveling its very identifiable arm or bay to the east.

(SEE ALSO Article: Searching ForLake Copala Part One 

and Two)

FINDING THE LEGENDARY LAKE COPALA

Now what I am about to tell you is one of those things which I have kept back in most of my writings and it is concerning this lake and the Long River. It is virtually unknown and I know no other who has heard this nor considered it. To explain myself would require going back over nearly all of my writings, if you have not followed them then you are welcome to, if you have and have not picked up on the details yet, I do apologize for writing so tight lipped in the past.

The reason I have taken notice of Lahontan’s Long River story is that the Indians could not have told him about this lake as he claimed they did, Lahontan was clearly carrying information dating back prior to 900 AD. I say this because, prior to 900 AD back to the time of the Crucifixion and possibly earlier, the lake in which Scientist claim is 33 Million years old referred to as Lake Uinta, Takes the appearance of how it would have looked in its earliest times, some even say it existed 50 Million years ago, yeah... I remember my first beer... However looking at this rendition of this lake of which there is very little information regarding it, you would likely not consider it as a candidate of the elusive Lake Copala. This lake existed 2000 years ago and likely earlier until about 900 AD when a very large earthquake hit the Utah area; this is likely the earthquake responsible for what geologists call the Colorado Plateau uplift, Geologists claim it was formed some 20 to 70 Million years ago… I wish they would make up their mind...

Despite what geologist will tell you pertaining to these Colorado Mountains, “at least” the northern parts, did not exist in the days of lake Copala’s early days, it drained in two effluents (Not necessarily at the same time), one to the south now regarded as the Green River and eventually joining the Colorado River, and it drained to the East and was at that time the head waters of what is now the Missouri River. At this early point of the Lakes Existence is the only time it would have taken upon the appearance shown in Herman Molls map, where did he get this from? In those days it was a beautiful lush and tropical area. There is one other little secret, in these days when the river drained to the east out of the Uinta Basin, the river was known by the indigenous as Sidon, from this lake and all the way to the Gulf Coast. Sidon was the primary river of which fed the lower portion of Mississippi River, it was the predominant river prior to the destruction at the time of the crucifixion. Today we see the Mississippi all the way north as the main river as by all rights it today now is…

In about 900 AD there was an uplift of which geologist say it occurred 20 million years ago,  it lifted the near entire state of Utah which is consider the Colorado Plateau. This event cut off a large part of the source waters that fed this enormous lake, not to mention sent a wall of water south carving out another 1000 feet of the already existing Grand Canyon. At least the Northern parts of Colorado rose up and cut off the head drainage of the upper regions of what was known in BC times as Sidon. The Missouri was no longer the primary feed of the lower portion of today’s Mississippi river. The altering of the course of the river is plain to see even today, East and North East of St. Louis. The river today flows to the east of Saint Louis but on the west of East St. Louis. Before this, the river flowed on the east side of East St. Louis with its east bank at Caseyville. There was a well know ancient city known by certain circles in the days of Sidon, known to exist on the west side of this once great river, today its ruins are on the east side which might explain why they have not yet found it across from Nauvoo Illinois. 

After this great event of 900 AD and the dust settled, the once beautiful Lake, surrounded by 7 Cities now in ruin, was all but gone. Over the next 100 years what was once a lush beautiful tropic environment, began its transformation to the high country desert that it is today.

Why is it I seem so confident of this hypothesis? Because I took the time to consider what others would not let their mind set venture beyond. Despite the flawed Radio Carbon Dating System and those who believe the Uinta Mountains were once covered in an ice sheet from not only one Ice age, but a second one. This lake did not exist 50 million years ago, not even 33 million years ago, not even 1 million years ago. The Uinta Mountains didn’t exist even 5000 years ago.

Again, who discovered America? It sure wasn’t Columbus and the evidences show this land was known in the old world by some, as far back as King David if not earlier. Atlan, Atlan-tis, Avalon, and Aztlan, think about it. Just you wait till I write about Shambahla…or more accurately Shem-Bahla (Hindi, Children of Shem) I’ll bet those who took the time to read this is now wondering where did all that water come from let alone, where did it go? but don’t you worry none little buckaroo, it is going to happen again… Isaiah 41:18

Who wants to talk about Corn? ..... 

Who Really Discovered America? Part ONE Revised March 6th 2020

Forward

Many years ago when I first contemplated this particular subject, I recall as I read through the many documents/books pertaining to Columbus coming to America including his own translated Journals, something just wasn’t right, call it a gut feeling which is how all of my theories have started, many of which I have taken to the point of high probability even proven beyond a doubt, making it factual to at least myself.

The following topic of Columbus discovering America or did he discover America has long been proven to me through research that he most certainly did not. However the question has come to this topic, Did Columbus “Accidentally” RE-discover what had already been discovered hundreds or even thousands of year prior and was very well known by the European Royalty?

The other question that has come as a result of these efforts is, what is it specifically that causes certain groups to obscure this information and keep it from the general public which would seem to be an open and obvious act seeming to have begun in the mid 1800’s.

As of yesterday I felt confident I had enough information to begin this write-up, but by the end of the day and with my meticulous research tactics and findings, at the end of the day, I was ready to scrap the project due to seeming correct documented evidences, in fact this morning I decided or felt compelled to pick up on another research project pertaining to the ancient Geographic’s of the Yucatan Peninsula, when I stumbled upon something that offset my reasons for near giving up  yesterday, funny how things work, It is things such as this that tells me I am on the right path… I need to pay more attention to that “gut feeling”…

Smithsonian, established on August 10, 1846

"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge,"

I believe that Smithsonian started out with a good and noble cause, but when E. G. Squire and E. H. Davis took over, they changed that motto to “for the increase of the denigration and destruction of knowledge”

The Research…

When I write an article it is usually based upon a long period of study concerning the very topic of the article or a closely related topic. As a habit however, I do like to get the orthodox thinking side of it all just prior to writing an article, and a simple search of the internet will clearly show the many who seem to regurgitate each other’s opinions and usually based upon the regurgitation of opinions of some Smithsonian puppet. Each of you should try this, go to your favorite browser search window and type “Who Discovered America” After reading many of the articles you will quickly see what I mean. The point being, after reading the many perspectives are you really any wiser? I for one have found that rather than sifting through the garbage, I can get my answers as to what the orthodox world believes by simply going to Wiki…  I for one really don’t care who the people think discovered America, It would seem in the race between Columbus, Leif Eriksson, and the Chinese, Leif is slowly taking the lead, but I have some terrible news for all of them….

If there is one thing all perspectives can agree upon, when each of the claimed discoverers made their landing, from shore, someone was peeking through the bushes at them. Why is it we take the inhabitants obviously occupying the Americas longer than these glory mongers family names have existed, and remove them from the very status of being a man? Are we placing them in the same category as the animals discovered on this land when whoever arrived? NONE OF THEM discovered America!

Before I end this rant, try this, go to your choice of browsers And type in “History of the Americas, Wiki” “Voyages of Christopher Columbus Wiki” or any related choice of words, and you will find what appears to be a very well put together article of presumed facts, now scroll to the bottom where you will find a very impressive list of references, 30 or more, now look at the dates of these references of which you will find, not one written before 1900, in fact most are written within the last 20 years! And almost NEVER will you find among the references, the original source material for the subject at hand…  In fact you can research any of the books listed in those references, obtain a copy and also in that book find an impressive list of references, and they too will be a list of books written within the last 20 years of that books publication! The point being is, those who write our wiki articles and the like writers, are  regurgitating what has already been regurgitated many times over, I seriously doubt that any of the referenced writers in the wiki articles nor those who contributed to the articles, have ever themselves read the original source material for the topic! This period of our history I call, of course, the Regurgitation Period.

Did Columbus discover America?

Let’s start with who didn’t discover America, Columbus, and regardless of what the many writers have regurgitated, I am not convinced that Columbus did not know where he was going and what he was looking for. I am not convinced he thought he was looking for the Indies as in below Japan and China. Did he “accidentally” find America? This part of the now orthodox belief came in during what I call the delusion or indoctrination period. This period began after the formation of Smithsonian and peaked around 1900, and lives on to this day. This is a period in which many translations of old documents took place, you see, now that the English speaking people can now read these old Latin, Spanish etc… documents, those who wish to keep their little secrets now have to take this newly available knowledge and tell us new readers what the writer[s] were “actually” saying… because they couldn’t have possibly meant what they said! I just assume they figured we were just too damned stupid to understand.  I think I’ll stick to original source material…

Someday perhaps I will go into the many reasons why I say Columbus likely knew not only where he was going but what he was looking for, but one only need read his Journal and letters to see, but only if you have a broad perspective of past and present events. In the many exploration documents when you read the many that do exists, you begin to see patterns. One such pattern is whenever they encountered something new, something they have not seen before, a new tree, a fruit, vegetable or animal, they describe it as best they could, smell, appearance, apparent usage etc… and compare to some existing thing in a short commentary. (See Columbus Exploration Documents AJ-061- 069 at americanjournys.org )

An example of this would be the discovery or first time it had been seen by Europeans on the 4th day of November 1492, is the Sweet Potato, the Batata or what is described in one of the more credible translations, The people have plenty of roots called zanahorias, (Yams or Sweet Potato’s) with a smell like chesnuts ; or in another example wherein the translator removes the word zanahorias and inserts the nonexistent word of “mames” (Carrots) when the written word is clearly zanahorias from the presumed original text why do they do this? The point being here is that Columbus and those with him, had no idea what these zanahorias were and offered commentary to describe what they were seeing for the first time.

The opposition to this little occurrence is they day after they arrived at this new found land. One translator again purposely replaces the obvious word calabazas (Pumpkins) with the word calabashes (Gourdes) and also mentioned in this 13th of October entry is Papagayos (Parrot) but in both cases, there is no commentary nor a description given and why? Because these two items mentioned were well known by Columbus and his expedition team, but how could this be if the Pumpkin and Parrot were not known until after the Europeans discovered America? How is it, an entry is made the very day the parrot was first seen using the name which according to the etymology derives from Byzantine Greek from the Medieval period. Papagas, meaning Parrot, a bird which would not be known for another 1000 years?

Another curious mention and apparent attempt to deter you from the truth is a mention of Gran Can and the translators lead you to believe this is a reference to the Great Khan of China and one even goes a step further suggesting Kublia Khan, a Chinese emperor. However no word was used implying “Kublia,” except maybe “Cami” found later in the document. Had there been or not, I would have and do suspected the Maya city Culiacan or the serpent deity, Kukulkan, or the Kan or Kaan Dynasty of the Maya, the Mayan Snake Kings, something our earlier delusionists did not know about…

There are many statements within the documents that could sway the thinking one way or the other, but before I am convinced, I would like to hear some explanations as to why Columbus or those with him had previous knowledge of Parrots and Pumpkins, known since the early Byzantine period?

Letters of Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

 The “speculative” Re-Constructed Map of Toscanelli sent to Columbus?

I am not sure what to make of the controversial letters from Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli to Columbus prior to his voyage which many delusionists  presume was very instrumental in his agenda. I have not yet decided what was intended but I am certain the delusionists had their hands in it… It is said that the map sent to Columbus was destroyed, yet on the internet floats a supposed reconstructed map, how do you reconstruct that which was destroyed? Who added the names?

Academics would have you believe the letters were written with the intent to give a better course to China? But at the same time discredit the letters suggesting they are a hoax? Can someone please make up your mind?

From Wiki we have:

In 1439, the Greek philosopher Gemistos Plethon, attending the Council of Florence, acquainted Toscanelli with the extensive travels, writings and mapping of the 1st century BC/AD Greek geographer Strabo, hitherto unknown in Italy. Nearly 35 years later, the Italian was to follow up this amplified knowledge.

There was no mention of China or Asia at the council of Florence. How could Strabo be unknown it Italy?

 In 1474 Toscanelli sent a letter and a map to his Portuguese correspondent Fernão Martins, priest at the Lisbon Cathedral, detailing a scheme for sailing westwards to reach the Spice Islands and Asia. Fernão Martins delivered his letter to the King Afonso V of Portugal, in his court of Lisbon. The original of this letter was lost, but its existence is known through Toscanelli himself, who later transcribed it along with the map and sent it to Christopher Columbus, who carried them with him during his first voyage to the new world…

Of course this letter was lost or conveniently misplaced but why does the academics use Fernado Martins to make their points but at the same time claim he never existed? (see Toscanelli and Columbus by Henry Vignaud 1902) Incidentally, there is no mention of Spice Islands, Asia or China for that matter in the letters of Toscanelli.

From one of the letters to Columbus from Toscanelli… (Concerning the voyage)

…But you will not be able to understand it thoroughly except with experience or discussion, as I have had most fully, and good and true information of mighty men and of great learning, who have come from the said regions here to the Court of Rome, and of other merchants who have long trafficked in those parts, men of great authority.

Who could he possibly be talking about? I can’t help but reflect to the many Kings of authority who on their crusades, came to the Americas such as the Roman Colonies of 700 AD to about 1000 AD. I can’t help but wonder about the Indo Greeks not long after they sacked India and pilferage their sacred libraries and discovering their maps and their charted course who coincidentally came to the Americas in about 100 BC after said sacking, all according to the information given on the once pronounced hoax artifacts of the Tucson Lead Crosses, how convenient. However those over zealous individuals were too hasty in their speculative effort to discredit the artifacts. It is now well known to those who seek truth today due to GOOD SOUND research and testing and NOT ignoring the original studies of the artifacts that they are indeed genuine regardless of “resent studies” which is always presented with no citation of what these so called “recent studies” are.

With this said, giving full credibility to the Tucson Crosses telling the story of Roman colonies coming to the Americas, their MUST be corroborating evidence of which there is… abundantly…

My wife finds the following in the The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan 1883 by Arthur Jones concerning Prince Cynan listed # 4 in the genealogy of the Tucson Lead Crosses…

Cynan may have died fairly soon after the birth of their son Gruffydd, as the 13^th century History of Gruffydd ap Cynan details Cynan's ancestry but omits him from its account of Gruffydd's youth. Instead, Gruffydd's mother tells him about his father and the patrimony he should claim across the sea.

I am pretty sure that “across the sea” did not mean the 50 mile stretch between Wales and Ireland.

I wonder what this Patrimony was, and across which sea? This was around 1020 A.D. Do you recall the words shown on the Granata Nova Map, Septem (Seven) ciuitatum (cities) and Patria? (Native land; home, native city; one's country) Patrimony or Patrimonium (Inheritance) In the case of Prince Cynan ap Iago the Rhodan, would this be his mother telling him about the land of his fathers, the land of the seven cities he is to inherit? Was she suggesting this to be his native land?

Another recent verification brought to my by my friend, fellow critic and skeptic is the testimony of Moctezuma himself in his discourse to Cortez as they were going through days and days of negotiations, and recorded by Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo in his Memoirs, and who was sitting there when it was given…. From those memoirs, written originally in 1568 Page 393 (Footnote # 50) Moctezuma is quoted as saying:

This Monarch that Moctezuma mentions can be only one of two possibilities based on this information and other sources, and I offer no excuse… King Arthur, around 500 AD, or Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, otherwise know as Iago ap Idwal Prince of Gwenydd, King of the Britains (Saint Iago, or Jacob, Santiago), and…

*11^th  G Grand Father of Henry Sinclair of the Knights Templars, who is my 17^th G Grand Father…

*5^th G Grand Father of Robert de Bruce,

*2^nd G Grand Father of Prince Madoc,

*Great Grand Father of King Owain of Gwenydd, King of Wales,

* Iago ap Idwal is also the 14^th G Grand Son of King Arthur.

Those mentioned in the historic text of the Tucson Lead artifacts are also of and within this linage…

Cartographers of the past

When you open up and broaden your perspective concerning the many informational conflicts found in our history, things that never made sense, strange artifacts that just don’t fit, delusionists written conflicts and obvious attempts at explaining what the first authors of America “really meant,” everything starts to fall into place. Things which made no sense begin to make sense…

What are we to make of the many cities which appeared upon the maps of the 1500’s to 1700’s? Why would dozens of cartographers from different countries and different time frames list cities on their maps that no one ever found? Lakes no one ever made it to? Documenting things on their maps, features they could not have known? How about capturing the very likeness of a highly sought after lake which none of the earliest documented explorers EVER FOUND! and it just happens to near mirror image a supposed very ancient lake but geologist today tell us that it existed 33 Million years ago! How is this possible?

(SEE Article: Searching For Lake Copala PartOne and Two)

So I am to understand that since the last voyage of Columbus in 1503, an Italian Explorer acting in the name of Spain and who was said to be directed by documents from Portuguese, who according to history never made it to the mainland, followed by Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513 who landed in Florida and charted some of the coastline, and few others, that all the details of the maps to shortly follow were created?  Ponce de Leon is also known for searching for the Fountain of Youth, supposedly told to him by the natives, a corrupt version of a true story and likely was intended the waters of eternal life if you are listening…. But of course it is easier for the writers of Wiki or the delusionalist in which their information derives, to just call it a myth rather than to understand where this seeming ridiculous idea came from, besides, It might shed light on the... myth? of the Waters of Mormon located not to far north of where he was supposedly told of it, but we can't have that now can we?

Not to long after Ponce de Leon, others made their way into the interior of today’s northern Mexico and New Mexico, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, Don Antonio de Mendoza, Frier Marco de Nica, and a few others, but it is said that Francisco Vázquez de Coronado was the first to reach into the more Northern Territories but this is not true. Coronado even lays claim to naming the city of Granada. Marco de Nica is the first to mention the cities of Tontonteac (today’s Pueblo Grande of Nevada), Acus (Axa) Ceula and Marata (Today’s Pueblo Grande) and I find no mention in the many exploration documents of the other cities noted on the curious earliest maps, Tignus, Chuhuco and the seven unnamed cities surrounding the nonexistent lake Copala, where did these notations come from?

Looking at the two supposed earliest maps, Americae Sive 1562 said to be the first of California, and another, the Mercator map of 1569 of which I find this notation translated from the old Latin…

The second object at which we aimed was to represent the positions and the dimensions of the lands, as well as the distances of places, as much in conformity with very truth as it is possible so to do. To this we have given the greatest care, first by comparing the charts of the Castilians and of the Portuguese with each other, then by comparing them with the greater number of records of voyages both printed and in manuscript. (Gerard Mercator, Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendate Accommodata)

Atlan, Atlan-tis, Avalon, Aztlan, what ever, 

I suppose it just depends on what neck of the woods yer from eh?

What charts of the Castilians and Portuguese? What “greater number of records of voyages both printed and in manuscript” is he talking about? It would seem I have gone way off track from Who discovered America?

Septimania, A Historical Fiction in France

Lets talk about the seeming fictitious land and country of Septimania said to have be located in Southern France. As we research the History of Septimania, said to be “a historical region in southern France” I can’t help but wonder if the history has been written regarding this place, hasn’t been written in the wrong place.

Septimania (French: Septimanie, IPA: [sɛptimani]; Occitan: Septimània, IPA: [septiˈmanjɔ]; Catalan: Septimània, IPA: [səptiˈmaniə]) is a historical region in modern-day south of France. It referred to the western part of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed to the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. Under the Visigoths it was known as simply Gallia or Narbonensis. Septimania territory roughly corresponds with the former administrative region of Languedoc-Roussillon that merged into the new administrative region of Occitanie. Septimania passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba, which had been expanding from the south during the eighth century before its subsequent conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March (Marca Gothica).

Before I get the reader completely lost, the message I am trying to convey in this part, is that all that has been written concerning “Septimania” this supposed region is southern France, may be true in many respects, but it is looking very much like Historians have placed Septimania in the wrong place, even on the wrong continent, just as the have with the “Western Roman Empire” which is the Americas, the “mythical” Avalon, and Shambahla, If they didn’t know where it was, why didn’t they just call it a mythical place like the others? Keep in mind; I could easily be wrong about this.

As I read through the text of the Tucson Lead Crosses, the histories of the Toltec, Aztec, Britain, Wales etc, and search through the many old maps in my collection the idea just keeps coming up that there was no “Septimania in Southern France or at least not to the tune in which history has written. The only old world maps that have surfaced showing Septimania, are as a result of modern time views based on misunderstood written history and have their origins in the early 1900’s. I did find one map of the 16^th Century that does give some credibility to the existence of Septumania as being a land in France at some time, but is it no difference than the newly created maps of 1900?  I believe that secrecy regarding the wealth found in the west or the Americas was for keeping it from other nations, and what is this strange belief that that has developed of a few hundred years that no one since the days of Noah who built a large boat, could have possibly sailed to this continent until Columbus came?

What evidence do we have that the Americ[as], a word likely derived from Makir/Americ or Meurig (in Welsh Genealogies), is the Western Roman Empire which fell c. 476 and rose again in 775 AD perfectly corresponding with events here on this continent, and the place where this seeming fictitious land of Septimania was? To start with, the text of the Tucson Lead Cross artifacts, and a new reading with open eyes and understanding of the Welsh history and the history of the people of Briton. Combined with these evidences we must also look at the maps of the new world as they seem to have incriminating labels which it would appear has gone unexplained, such as these maps.

So who did discover America?

The answers to all these questions one has to take into consideration the many inconsistencies, legends of the Indigenous, seeming parallel corresponding histories, unusual archaeological discoveries that just don’t fit, (SEE Article; If it Quakes like a Roman Part One and Two) yet support the idea of other cultures having long be visiting the Americas, but always rendered as a hoax, notations on the maps that don’t make sense and from documents of the past, biblical records, and other scriptural records from other religious groups not considered, historic accounts of places mentioned and described by the Mongolian people, people of India, the Mayan, Toltec, Aztec, Chinese, Greeks, Romans and Hebrews and most important past polar locations due to poles shifts, its effects, the inconsistencies of Radio Carbon Dating, etc etc etc.... All of these things must be taken into consideration if you want to know the truth of who discovered America and find the true history of this continent. It was well known by the various Royal families of Europe, Roman Empire, the Welsh, Italians, French, Spanish, Portuguese, India, Hebrew and Chinese as to the existence of this land, and they knew it was a promised land, a choice land, but not all knew why, but the majority did not know the blessing pronounced upon this land by the one true God, and more importantly, the corresponding curse.

The answer to this question as to who discovered America, as we know it today is, a people who has developed into what we now know as Altai Mongolians and whose shared DNA flows abundantly in the Native American people especially in the west from North to South. Their first leader was known by name from two sources, the Mongolian legends and the pages of the Book of Either, and his name was Moron. His name by ancient tradition remains upon the first places where these people first migrated after leaving the great tower which you will find in the tops of the Altai Mountains, the village of Moron. This name is also found at the Moronguiin Khuree monastery on the banks of the river Delgermoron. Also another village many miles to the east called Mörön, in Khentii. They are the very people who the Mongolian and every Asian culture derive from, (the children of Japheth) and they came here in boats in about 2400 BC, not by a mythical Land Bridge. By their own traditions, this occurred after a catastrophic flood and the fall of a great tower where in their God confused their tongue. And even they were not the first to set foot on this land, yet were the first after this great flood.

These people knew the blessing and the curse pronounced upon this land and even though they knew it first hand, even they eventually forgot and brought the curse upon themselves, they were destroyed “as a people” but their DNA is profound and abundant in the west from the very tips of the North of this continent and to the Southern tips in South America.

“…whoso should possess this land of promise, from that time henceforth and forever, should serve him, the true and only God, or they should be swept off when the fullness of his wrath should come upon them.”

Each and every culture that has not kept this condition and served the one true God upon this land has been destroyed as a people… only a mixture of them remains, preserved in the DNA of the American Native People.

This write up I admit is all over the place, but this is how it is, there is so much to tell and this is such a small part. The subjects that intertwine are broad yet definitive, all having to do with each other. And then I open the can of worms with this…. 

Why is it a Promised Land? What PLACE were they looking for? And what specifically were they looking for? A good read to learn the importance of these questions and of the contents supposedly destroyed, of the Library of Constantinople, (Even from Wiki), would be of great benefit. Understanding its purpose, its contents and how and when it was destroyed lends understanding as well, who was actually responsible for its destruction, The Muslims of the Ottoman Empire or those who knew the importance of keeping its contents from them? Is this concern just as valid today? What survived intentionally and where is it now? Understanding and truth only comes when all things are considered, no matter how controversial.

For further reading to find answers, Read:

1^st Kings Chapter 9:26 to 10:13 and then with Hyram in mind, King of Tyre, a friend to Solomon read at least, Ezekiel 28:12-14, and maybe even a bit more… They say we cannot know nor do we know where this Land of Ophir was, and many of the scholars of the past have made up their minds based on their unwillingness to consider and place it in Africa of all places, the default location of everything not understood or ignored… However there are some who can know, but only because they do consider… This is how it all began among the Royal descendants of King David, the knowledge and the answers to these questions which have been sought after stemming from the events of King Solomon and King Hyram, and other sources they never knew.